Stability of Non-equilibrium State for Multi-phase System

Based on the second method of Lyapunov stability theory, the stability of non-equilibrium state for multiphase system is analysed. The results show that the dV/dt is always less than zero ff the V-function, which is defined as the entropy generation of the system, is greater than zero for the non-equilibrium state in linear zone, and the system is absolutely stable. On the other hand, the stability of the system in non-linear zone is determined with the symbol of dV/dt.     

Electronegativity Scale of Elements Calculated by Density Functional Theory and Related Methods

In chemistry and many related fields, electronegativity (EN) is an important fundamental concept and its scale is a useful physcochemical parameter. Here, calculations of both ionization potentials and electron affinities are extended toward 107 elements and done by density functional theory at the local density approximation(LDA) level and the LDB level, i.e., the local density approximation level with further non-local corrections for exchange and correlation included self-consistently as well as the modified Slater transition-state method. The definite-differentiation method is employed into calculations of the electronegativity scale and the related parameters of 107 elements with very good results due to the consideration of relativistic effects. The calculation presented is to examine both the LDA and LDB approximations in calculations for the ionization potential and electron affinity of the elements with an improved or modified Slater transition-state method, and relativistic effects have also been taken into account for 107 elements compared with 103, 86 or less in the previous report under a spin polarized density function theory with some approximations to the exchange-correlation function. The calculation results for the various quantities represent an obviously improvement over some previous calculations. It is shown that the results calculated by the extended technique and the improved Slater transition-state method in general agree well with experimental values presented by Pearson, and are better than the reported values in many previous literatures. The developed new electronegativity scale will widely be applicable in many fields such as molecular structural parameterization expression, chemobiological activity optimization prediction, structure-activity quantitation modeling, functional chemical adaptization designing, and so on.     

An Optimal Bicriterion Grey Input-output Model in Energy System

This paper combines the energy input-output model with an optimal bicriterion model, and uses the grey system theory to set up an optimal bicriterion grey input-output(OBGIO)model. This paper also put forward some amendments to bicriterion algorithm. Finally, the OBGIO model is used to optimize the energy economic structure of a city, and analyze its potentiality on the structural energy saving.     

区域经济的协调性

该文是关于区域经济协调发展研究方面一系列论文的引论。把自组织理论应用于区域经济研究,在描述中国区域经济格局和简要评述国内外研究情况的基础上,指出区域经济研究应特别强调协调性。从内容、运行机制和具体操作三方面对区域经济的协调性作了探讨。提出了二个区域经济协调原则:①在不公平程度不超出一定限度的条件下,力求有最高的效率。给出了评价区域经济不公平程度的指标——区域经济差距的概念和计弹方法。对中国区域经济差距作了初步实证分析。给出中国区域经济差距的界限为5.5～6.5倍;②以市场机制的自组织作用为基础,以政府干予的组织机制为条件,政府干予的组织作用应能创造这样一种条件:既能使市场机制的自组织作用的积极方面得到充分发挥;又能使市场机制的自组织作用的消极方面得到有效抑制。     

嵌套子集:引入土壤多样性研究的讨论

嵌套子集指在任何特定集合中出现的物种趋向于在更大的集合中也出现,即局部丰富的物种一般分布比较广泛,而局部稀少的物种则分布较窄。本文对嵌套性研究中的有关问题做一评述,并以西班牙的一个研究为范例讨论可以看出,通过数据(土壤类型和土壤集合)试验得出的规律性和生态学上的观点竟非常相似。研究采用了土壤数据集和在计量生态学应用的方法,包括嵌套计算程序(Nested Calcu lator Program)。结果表明:嵌套性在生物群落、土被或土链结构中的性质有相似之处,即地学系统中普遍存在着嵌套性。此方法用于土壤多样性的分析,在有计划的保护生物及土壤资源方面具有现实意义。     

基于模糊集理论提取土壤—地形定量关系及制图应用

通过对研究区地形因子的模糊聚类,提取了地形因子组合与特定土壤属性的定量隶属度关系,然后对隶属度高值区土壤进行目的性采样为隶属度函数赋值,制作研究区土层厚度连续分布图。通过野外实地验证,将观测值与图中预测值比较,结果显示该方法制图精度在82%左右,具有一定的可靠性。进一步考察认为该模型在地形部位较低,地势较为平坦,土壤发育较好,土层较厚,成土环境相对稳定的地区预测效果更好,适用性更强。该方法能提高土壤制图效率,降低制图成本,提高制图精度,对土壤微域变异的表现更为详细,图面信息负载量更高。应用该方法制作大比例尺土壤详图不失为土壤调查与制图领域一种可行的新方法。     

基于灰色系统理论用机械特性指标预测苹果贮藏品质特性

研究了用机械特性指标测定和预测苹果贮藏品质的理论和方法。通过对冷藏条件下苹果理化特性与机械特性的连续测定，用灰色关联分析法研究了苹果理化特性与机械特性之间的关系，可知各理化特性指标对机械特性指标有不同程度的影响；用灰色系统理论的GM(1,5)模型建立了苹果品质多因子动态变化的数学模型，可确定苹果理化特性的各项指标对机械特性指标的影响与作用；用灰色系统理论的GM(1,2)模型确定了苹果机械特性与理化特性之间的关系，认为可用压缩时的最大力描述苹果的硬度、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸和水分，用压缩时的屈服力描述苹果的硬度、可滴定酸和水分，用弹性模量E0.5描述苹果的硬度；建立了灰色系统理论的预测模型GM(1,1)，在贮藏过程中，可用该模型预测苹果机械特性和理化特性动态变化的规律。通过验证，确定了预测模型的可用性。结果表明，用机械特性指标测定和预测苹果的贮藏品质是可行的，有一定的理论意义和实用价值。     

温室环境多级控制系统及优化目标值设定的初步研究

该文采用多级控制策略，优化设定系统目标值来解决温室环境系统中多个时间响应常数相差过大的问题；设定系统优化目标值时，白天使植物获得最大的光合速率，夜间在满足植物生长和积温要求的前提下使温室处在能耗最小的状态下运行。构建了能量消耗为零（无加热、无制冷和无机械通风）时计算温室内部温度的模型，采用遗传算法对最优目标值进行搜索。计算结果表明：该系统优于某地先进的温室控制系统，既能获得较高的效率又能节能。     

耕地数量生态位重心模型构建及其应用——以焦作市为例

以生态位理论为基础，提出了耕地生态元和耕地生态位的概念。在此基础上，构建了用以量度耕地数量空间格局变化规律的耕地数量生态位重心模型，并运用该模型对焦作市1998-2004年期间耕地数量变化规律进行了分析。分析结果表明，该模型可以有效测度区域耕地数量整体变化特征及其年际变化程度大小，并可依据其变化规律探求区域耕地数量变化的驱动因素和驱动力。